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The 23 Best Anti-Aging Eye Creams of 2024 for Wrinkles, Fine Lines, & Dark Circles

So good, you'll be able to fake a full eight hours.

image of beautystat universal c eye perfector, dr dennis gross triple correction eye serum, and olehenriksen banana bright eye creme on a beige background with palm tree shadows

Byrdie / Alli Waataja

TL;DR

BeautyStat Universal C Eye Perfector is the gold standard as far as eye creams go. It scored well in our testing, leaving the delicate skin under the eyes velvety smooth and less wrinkled. Byrdie testers also adore the budget-friendly RoC Retinol Correxion Eye Cream, a formula that addresses not only lines but dark circles, crow’s feet, and puffiness with its mineral complex.

The thin, delicate skin around the eyes requires an eye cream to protect against environmental damage from UV rays, pollution, and to diminish signs of aging. A good eye cream also treats puffiness and dark circles.

Board-certified dermatologist Naissan O. Wesley, M.D. recommends looking for anti-aging ingredients like retinol, peptides, and vitamin C; plumping ingredients like hyaluronic acid; and ingredients that tamp puffiness, like caffeine.

We went to work and tested and reviewed some top-rated eye creams that cater to a range of skin types, concerns, and budgets. Our testers used these products for weeks at a time, reviewing each formula's texture and feel, ingredient list, and how well it lived up to its claims. We then combined these results with our own research and tapped a dermatologist for their expert recommendations. Read on to find out which eye creams made it into our final roundup.

What We Like
  • Plumps and softens the under-eye area

  • Improves skin texture

  • Decreases puffiness and lightens dark circles

What We Don't Like
  • Slight tingling sensation

Active Ingredients: Vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, green tea extract | Benefits: Brightens and smooths skin | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

This line was created by a cosmetic chemist, so expect the most efficacious ingredients and pairings within its formula. One ingredient in particular is vitamin C which not only harnesses the power of antioxidants, but can help stimulate collagen production, diminishing the look of fine lines and smoothing skin tone in the process. In fact, this formula uses a 5% concentration of a pure, patented, and extra-stable version of vitamin C plus CBD to help tamp down inflammation and puffiness.

It also contains hyaluronic acid and green tea extract to increase collagen synthesis. Our tester Jenna found this product to be a great makeup primer, and it instantly left her under-eyes velvety-smooth. By the end of the three-week testing period, she also noticed a slight reduction in fine lines and dark circles—and a noticeable improvement in dryness, skin texture and puffiness.

What We Like
  • Anti-aging formula

  • Lightweight in feel

  • Has a gentle effect

What We Don't Like
  • Might not work on sensitive skin

Active Ingredients: Retinol | Benefits: Smooths lines and de-puffs eyes | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

When it comes to finding an affordable, effective eye cream, dermatologists recommend this formula time and time again. It boasts the anti-aging superstar retinol and addresses not only lines but dark circles, crow’s feet, and puffiness with its mineral complex, giving you plenty of bang for your buck. The lightweight formula is also non-comedogenic (meaning it won’t clog your pores), and hypoallergenic. As it contains retinol, we recommend you start applying it just a couple of times a week at first to see how your skin tolerates it before slowly increasing your usage.

What We Like
  • Thick enough for crow's feet

  • Smooths texture of skin

  • Contains hyaluronic acid

What We Don't Like
  • Might be drying for some

Active Ingredients: Retinol, hyaluronic acid | Benefits: Evens skin tone and reduces crow's feet | Best for: Mature skin | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

There are lots of eye creams to be found at the drugstore, and this is one of the most effective options out there. It boasts tried-and-true retinol, coupled with a glucose complex that works to speed up retinol’s effects. What’s more, the potent formula can smooth out crows’ feet, conceal dark circles, and generally even out the tone and texture of dry skin around the eyes thanks to added hyaluronic acid. This is also a dermatologist-approved formula, which is good news for anyone that’s worried about using retinol around the eyes.

What We Like
  • A little goes a long way

  • Still effective amidst inconsistent use

  • High concentration of caffeine

What We Don't Like
  • Might be drying for some

Active Ingredients: Caffeine, hyaluronic acid | Benefits: Reduces pigmentation and puffiness | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 1 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Whether you pulled an all-nighter or just had one too many martinis the night before, a few drops of this eye cream is the secret to quickly tamping down puffiness. It is suitable for all skin types and boasts a powerful concentration of caffeine—a choice de-puffer, thanks to its ability to constrict blood vessels. There’s also epigallocatechin gallate, also known as EGCG, an intense antioxidant derived from green tea leaves that further helps boost this formula’s de-puffing prowess. We found that the combination of EGCG and caffeine is like a refreshing cup of tea for your eyes—it wakes them up and gets them ready to face the day.

Read the full review: This $7 Caffeine-Powered Serum Is Like Coffee for My Dark Circles

What We Like
  • Lightweight in feel

  • Moisturizing

  • Tackles wrinkles

What We Don't Like
  • Might not work on sensitive skin

Active Ingredients: Vitamin C, Jojoba Oil, Shea Butter | Benefits: Brightens and hydrates | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

The formula is packed with vitamin C to deliver long-term brightening benefits and collagen to improve elasticity and keep skin smooth. One ingredient you may be surprised to hear is in this formula is gold—yes, real gold. This helps to improve the delivery of vitamin C to the deeper layers of the dermis. Hardy orange extract also helps to brighten dark spots and enhance the effectiveness of the vitamin C. Clinically proven results in four weeks make this product pretty fast acting. Its featherweight, silky texture is ideal for use under makeup and it contains color correcting pigment to conceal dark circles and combat dullness.

Read the full review: Ole Henriksen Reformulated Its Banana Bright Eye Crème to Serve Sensitive Skin

What We Like
  • Moisturizing

  • Reduces wrinkles

  • Provides subtle brightening to the face

What We Don't Like
  • Might be drying and irritating for some

Active Ingredients: Palmitic Acid, Shea Butter, Niacinamide | Benefits: Brightens and reduces dark circles | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

A color-correcting eye cream delivers an instant brightening effect, quickly and efficiently while neutralizing the look of dark circles. Dr.Wesley, recommends this creamy formula, which has skin-barrier boosting ceramides, and hydrating ingredients such as coconut oil and colloidal oatmeal.A 2% super peptide concentrate also helps target fine lines, dryness and a lack of firmness around the delicate eye area. This potent concentrate comprises rice peptides to help reinforce the skin’s natural barrier function, and Tetrapeptide to help reduce the appearance of dark circles.

What We Like
  • Made of natural ingredients

  • Lightweight

  • Smooths the skin

  • Pleasant smell

What We Don't Like
  • Thick consistency

Active Ingredients: Bakuchiol, squalane, vitamin C | Benefits: Smooths lines and hydrates | Best for: All skin types, especially dry | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

For those wary of using products with potentially questionable chemicals around their eyes, consider this clean cream, a Byrdie Eco Beauty Award Winner. It uses a litany of different plant-based extracts to impart everything from hydration to antioxidant protection. Particularly noteworthy is the addition of bakuchiol, a natural alternative to retinol that’s been proven to have equally as powerful wrinkle-fighting effects, without any of the associated irritation. And because of the texture, it’s a great pick for those with dry, flaky skin or who prefer a thicker formula.

What We Like
  • Hydrating

  • Comes in four shades to match skin

  • Applies in a cool, gentle way

What We Don't Like
  • Small amount

Active Ingredients: 7.9 percent titanium dioxide, 6.7 percent zinc oxide | Benefits: Protects against sun damage | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.2 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Opt for a dedicated eye cream with SPF to use every morning. Tester Joline is a big fan of this SPF 35 formula that has a subtle tint (it comes in four shades) to instantly brighten the eye area. It’s packed full of eye-brightening ingredients including seawater and marine algae to help firm and brighten the under eyes, as well as a patented ingredient called Aldavine™ to reduce puffiness, and the humectant, Phytomoist (proven to be four times more hydrating than hyaluronic acid). This powerful combination leaves the eyes illuminated, and it’s even ophthalmologist-tested and suitable for sensitive eyes and contact lens wearers. Highlights also include a cooling, metal applicator, which can help address inflammation and puffiness.

What We Like
  • Tightens the skin

  • Lightweight in feel

  • Smooths the skin

What We Don't Like
  • Pump delivery needs work

Active Ingredients: Caviar extract, ceramides | Benefits: Firm and tighten skin | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.7 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

The dual-phase serum blends encapsulated beads with a gel-cream emulsion, both loaded with the brand’s signature caviar extract. The formula also includes ceramides to nourish and plump delicate skin around the eyes, but reviewers note its lightweight skin-feel. Its texture makes it a good choice for anyone prone to developing milia around the eyes. Our tester Jenna tested out the product for herself, and she loved that it made the under-eye area feel supple and soft and minimized the appearance of fine lines. This is for anyone who wants to treat the entire eye area and improve crow’s feet, dark circles and puffiness.

What We Like
  • Hydrating

  • Suitable for sensitive skin and eyes

  • Soothes the skin

What We Don't Like
  • Small size

Active Ingredients: Thermal spring water, niacinamide | Benefits: Calm and moisturize | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.7 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

If you have very sensitive eyes, especially during the dreaded hayfever season, this gentle eye cream can really help soothe and hydrate delicate skin. Made by La Roche-Posay, its minimal formula is free of common irritants like parabens, fragrance, and alcohol, which you should avoid if you're prone to reactions or have sensitive skin. The addition of niacinamide and mineral-rich spring water also helps brighten and hydrate the thin skin around the eyes leaving it feeling calm and hydrated, especially during the summer months.

What We Like
  • Soothes, hydrates, and protects the skin

  • Has a cool feel

  • Provides the right amount of delivery

What We Don't Like
  • Might not work for sensitive skin

Active Ingredients: Shea butter, green tea powder, probiotics | Benefits: Moisturizes and reduces puffiness | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: N/A | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

This formula is packed with hydrating shea butter and probiotics, which visibly target puffiness and illuminate dull complexions. The addition of matcha green tea helps to de-puff and calm tired eyes making it ideal if you’re particularly prone to redness. We love its cooling applicator, which deposits a sizable amount of product with each swipe, and the cruelty-free formula. Our top tip: Stash it in the fridge, and use it first thing in the morning.

What We Like
  • Not greasy

  • Doesn't irritate

  • Blends in quickly

What We Don't Like
  • Flakes easily

Active Ingredients: Niacinamide, hyaluronic acid | Benefits: Hydrates | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

A gel formula is a great pick for those with oily skin or those who might not like eye cream with a thick skin-feel. Packed with lightweight moisture, the formula has a plumping effect on skin, and includes hyaluronic acid. Jenna likes the way it soaks in quickly without any stickiness. Also nice: It’s dermatologist-tested, ophthalmologist-tested, and hypoallergenic, making it another good pick for those with sensitive skin or eyes.

Read the full review: Cetaphil's Eye Cream Totally Refreshed My Under-Eye Skin—And It's Only $15

What We Like
  • Reduces puffiness

  • Soothes the skin

  • Absorbs into skin well

What We Don't Like
  • Might be drying for some

Active Ingredients: Ferulic acid, willow bark extract | Benefits: Smooth lines | Best for: Oily, combination, normal skin | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

This powerful eye cream contains a Phyto-Retinol Blend™ that comprises retinol—the vitamin A derivative that’s well-known for effectively stimulating collagen production to smooth out wrinkles—ferulic acid, a standout antioxidant to help prevent environmental damage, and finally, bakuchiol, a gentler alternative to retinol that improves collagen production and visibly reduces fine lines. The best part? It does all of this without creating any irritation. Our advice: Start slow and you can always build up your frequency of use. We love the texture of this lightweight formula—it’s sheer enough to wear on lids in addition to under and around the eyes. Plus, all skin types can benefit from this eye cream.

What We Like
  • Can double as a makeup primer

  • Very hydrating

  • Brightens the skin

What We Don't Like
  • Small size

Active Ingredients: Avocado oil, shea butter | Benefits: Moisturizes | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: No

We think this is the ultimate, hydrating eye cream (so strong that it can also be slathered on and used as an under-eye mask). This eye cream makes a great base for concealer, as reviewers note it helps grip makeup. Avocado oil, shea butter and beta-carotene (aka carrot extract)hydrate without feeling greasy (though we suggest only using a pea-size amount). The nourishing formula also helps to retain hydration throughout the day, and brighten the eye area while de-puffing. It’s great for all skin types, and trust us when we say a little goes a long way—so each jar lasts about six months.

What We Like
  • Good for those who are pregnant or those who can’t tolerate retinol

  • Made of plant-based ingredients

  • Brightens the skin

What We Don't Like
  • Might be drying for some

Active Ingredients: Bakuchiol, caffeine | Benefits: Refines and tones | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: N/A | Size: 0.5 fl oz | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Although retinol is effective, it can be irritating to some. It's also to be avoided by those who are pregnant. If you’re looking for an alternative, this formula contains bakuchiol, an ingredient we mentioned earlier that has been shown to have firming and wrinkle-fighting effects nearly identical to that of retinol, but doesn’t elicit irritation. It’s a favorite of Dr. Wesley’s, who likes that it contains caffeine to target puffiness. Squalane and vitamins C and B3 help accelerate cellular turnover, and when paired with bakuchiol, can drive visible results.

What We Like
  • Formula targets puffiness

  • Contains hydrating ingredients

  • Soft focus diamond powder adds tinted sheen

What We Don't Like
  • Tint only comes in one shade

Active Ingredients: Ceramides, hyaluronic acid, caffeine, squalane | Benefits: Hydrates, de-puffs, lifts, brightens | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: N/A | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

A hero product from this luxury, clinical-grade line, this brightening and lifting eye cream is designed for day wear, with a soft focus diamond powder that adds tinted sheen. You can use it on its own, or as a makeup base, beneath concealer. The hydrating formula works on all skin types and contains ceramide, fatty acids, and hyaluronic acid to plump and lift skin, while caffeine, pomegranate and green tea extract targets puffiness.

What We Like
  • Clinically proven to firm deep wrinkles

  • Proprietary formula promotes cellular turnover

What We Don't Like
  • Can feel heavy if used on upper lids

Active Ingredients: Alpha-glucan oligosaccharide, dipalmitoyl hydroxyproline, palmitoyl tripeptide-38 | Benefits: Firms, smooths, hydrates | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Prebiotics and peptides make this formula rich enough to have visible results on deep wrinkles and those that extend beyond the eyes. Amino acids offergood dose of hydration to the skin while an amino acid copper complex brings energy to fatigued eyes. Clinical results within 12 weeks makes this formula pretty fast-acting, too and we noted a velvety skin-feel that helps cushion the eye area. It’s a great option for mature skin.

What We Like
  • Super hydrating

  • Multitasking

  • Eyes appear more rested

What We Don't Like
  • May irritate sensitive skin

Active Ingredients: FR-Defense technology, hyaluronic acid, Concentrated Repair technology | Benefits: Brightens, recharges, repairs, hydrates | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: No | Size: 0.5 ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

According to the brand this silky eye cream will illuminate dark circles in just two weeks. Besides targeting this issue in all locations (e.g. under eye, eyelids, inner corners, etc.), the cream also reduces the appearance of fine lines and dullness by boosting hydration and plumping the area. It does this with a trio of skin-boosting ingredients including hyaluronic acid, the antioxidant vitamin E, and the brand’s patented FR-Defense™ technology. After application, your eyes will instantly appear more rested and awake. Plus, this eye cream can be used on dry, combination and oily skin types.

What We Like
  • Able to hydrate, de-puff, and brighten

  • Lightweight texture

  • Absorbs quickly

What We Don't Like
  • Takes some time to see significant results

Active Ingredients: Polyglutamic acid, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide | Benefits: De-puffs, brightens, hydrates | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Every Glossier product becomes the talk of the town upon release, and their eye cream is no different. Full Orbit is a multitasking eye cream, able to address dark circles, de-puff bags, and smooth and soften fine lines and wrinkles—all in one formula. It does this with a combo of polyglutamic acid and hyaluronic acid, which are able to plump and hydrate for a youthful complexion.1 Niacinamide is also a major player, as it's popular for effectively brightening and giving your skin that coveted Glossier glow. When we tested the eye cream for ourselves, we loved that it was exceptionally moisturizing while still feeling lightweight, so it was able to sink into the skin within seconds.

Read the full review: Glossier’s New Eye Cream Puts In The Work

What We Like
  • Fragrance-free

  • Brightening and firming

  • Good for dark circles

What We Don't Like
  • Takes a while to blend

Active Ingredients: Vitamin C, zerumbone, peptides | Benefits: Brightens, smooths, hydrates and reduces dark circles | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

When it comes to sensitive skin, Paula’s Choice products hit different—and their C5 Super Boost Vitamin C Eye Cream is no exception. This cream is dispensed through a pump so you always know how much product to apply, and on a formulaic level, it helps target dark circles while illuminating and firming the skin surrounding your eye. With vitamin C and peptides working together, you can’t go wrong.

What We Like
  • Formulated with niacinamide

  • Vegan and gluten-free

  • Safe for sensitive skin

What We Don't Like
  • Shimmery finish

Active Ingredients: Niacinamide, caffeine, sodium hyaluronate | Benefits: Brightens, hydrates and smooths | Best for: All skin types | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

After a late night, your body needs to rehydrate and wake up. That’s why the e combination of niacinamide and caffeine in the First Aid Beauty Eye Duty cream is so iconic—it does exactly that for your eyes. This formula visibly hydrates, awakens, and smooths the eye area so your telltale dark circles will be a thing of the past. Plus, it’s vegan and cruelty-free and is safe for sensitive skin.

What We Like
  • Sulfate and paraben-free

  • Reduces puffiness

  • Nourishing ingredients

What We Don't Like
  • Takes some time to see significant results

Active Ingredients: Caffeine, ginseng root extract, lutein, horse chestnut | Benefits: Lifts, de-puffs, and reduces dark circles and fine lines | Best for: Normal to dry skin | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 0.5 fluid ounces | Cruelty-Free: Yes

Do you ever wish you had a filter IRL? Well, Sunday Riley’s Autocorrect Brightening and Depuffing eye cream will help you make that dream a reality. This eye cream will energize tired-looking eyes and reduce the look of puffiness, thanks to its key ingredients including caffeine and Brazilian ginseng root extract. The formula also contains shea and cocoa butter so the skin surrounding your eyes will look plump and refreshed.

What We Like
  • Lightweight formula

  • Fast-absorbing

  • Radiant finish

What We Don't Like
  • Not the best for sensitive skin

Active Ingredients: Ginseng root extract, retinal liposome 2% | Benefits: Brightens, reduces fine lines | Best for: Normal to dry skin | Fragrance-Free: Yes | Size: 1 fluid ounce | Cruelty-Free: Yes

With the firming benefits of ginseng root extract and retinal, this eye cream from K-beauty brand Beauty of Joseon is beloved by customers. The formula is fast-absorbing with a radiant finish, to help brighten the appearance of the undereye area. Use once at night after cleansing and toning and you’re good to go.

What to Look For In an Eye Cream

  • Fragrance-Free Formulas: Because the skin around your eyes is more sensitive, Dr. Wesley suggests avoiding formulas that contain fragrance, which can be one of the more common sources of irritation or allergy in this area.
  • Anti-Aging Ingredients: Dr. Wesley recommends sticking with ingredients that have proven benefits. Think classics such as retinol, peptides, and growth factors that are meant to be anti-aging. Caffeine and vitamin C are a couple of other ingredients you'll find in eye creams for crow’s feet, wrinkles, dark circles, and other concerns.
  • Moisturizing Ingredients: Signs of aging aside, the skin around the eye is naturally prone to being dryer than the skin on the rest of your face. Make sure the eye cream you pick has plenty of hydrating ingredients like skin barrier-strengthening ceramides, niacinamide, and/or hyaluronic acid.
FAQ
  • How do you apply eye cream?

    Apply a small amount onto your ring finger and gently tap—don’t rub or tug—underneath and along the side of the eye. You can also apply eye cream along the brow bone underneath your eyebrow, but Wesley cautions against putting it on the actual upper lid itself, unless the product you’re using specifically says it can be used on this area.

  • When should you apply eye cream?

    “Most eye creams may be used morning and night,” says Wesley. “Twice daily application better ensures that the moisturizing or active properties of the eye cream have a chance to work.”

  • How long does eye cream take to work?

    While you may notice some benefits within a few weeks, most will take two to three months, or even longer, to work, says Wesley. But remember that long-term use will yield both benefits toward helping existing issues and prevent further signs of aging, she says.

Why Trust Byrdie

Byrdie contributor Melanie Rud has over a decade of experience in the beauty industry, writing for some of the biggest magazines and websites out there. A skincare junkie, eye creams have always held a soft spot in her heart because the lines around her eyes are her biggest complexion concern. She loves using the color-correcting Tatcha option featured in this article in the morning, and often rotates between many of the other options at night.

Catherine Hufton is a London-based lifestyle journalist and has been a contributing writer and editor for Byrdie since 2022. She digs deep into all things fashion and beauty to find the very best shopping must-haves—from the most effective collagen serums to the best drugstore makeup essentials.

Austen Tosone is a beauty writer and content creator based in New York City who is totally skincare-obsessed. As someone who has dealt with dark circles and dryness, she has tried dozens of eye creams over the years and many of her tried and true favorites can be found in this very article, including the It Cosmetics Confidence in an Eye Cream and the Paula’s Choice C5 Super Boost Vitamin C Eye Serum.

For this story, we consulted with:

  • Naissan O. Wesley, MD, a board-certified dermatologist based in Beverly Hills, California. She is a widely published author with over 40 medical journal articles and textbooks already in her career.

According to our Diversity Pledge, 15% of products in our newly-published market roundups will feature Black-owned and/or Black-founded brands. At the time of publishing, we were not able to find any eye creams from a Black-owned and/or Black-founded business. If you know of one we should consider, please email us at contact@byrdie.com and we will evaluate the product ASAP.

Article Sources
Byrdie takes every opportunity to use high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial guidelines to learn more about how we keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy.
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  3. Palmieri B, Laurino C, Vadalà M. A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter. 2019;170(2):e93-e99. doi:10.7417/CT.2019.2116

  4. Yang HS, Liang Z, Yao JF, Shen X, Frederick BD, Tong Y. Vascular effects of caffeine found in BOLD fMRI. J Neurosci Res. 2019 Nov;97(4):456-466. doi:10.1002/jnr.24360

  5. Aguirre-Cruz G, León-López A, Cruz-Gómez V, Jiménez-Alvarado R, Aguirre-Álvarez G. Collagen Hydrolysates for Skin Protection: Oral Administration and Topical Formulation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Feb;9(2):181. doi:10.3390/antiox9020181

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  7. Dhaliwal S, Rybak I, Ellis SR, et al. Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(2):289-296. doi:10.1111/bjd.16918

  8. França K. Topical Probiotics in Dermatological Therapy and Skincare: A Concise Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2020 Dec;11(1):71-77. doi:10.1007/s13555-020-00476-7

  9. Gref R, Deloménie C, Maksimenko A, et al. Vitamin C-squalene bioconjugate promotes epidermal thickening and collagen production in human skin. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct;10(1):16883. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72704-1

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